Ipanlo        Ahinga  (Canto)

Yanwalli Anga Hawk

Munditi Anga      Swanson’s Hawk  Buteo albonatatus  plate 13

Paushi Anga       Oroatus isidori  Black and  Chesnut Eagle

Machin Anga      Harpy Eagle

Grey tinamou   alli yutu   (pamba yutu)

Nthocercus bonapartei     urku yutu  ichilla yutu

Tataupa tinamou Crypturellus undulatus    Kan Juana (Pastaza)   Wanwaka

Spix’s Guan   Penepole jacuacu       Karundze

Great Currasow    Gallu pahua

Wattled Currasow Crax globulosa    Paushi

Nocturnal Currasow    Nothocrax urumutum  Munditi

Sickle Winged Guan   Chamaepetes goudottii        Wishaj 

Common Piping Guan  Pipile pipile      Pawa 

Long tailed Potoo   Nyctibius aethereus      Jilucu

Gilded Barbet    Capito auratus    Titi

Paradise Jacamar   Galbula dea     Llausa kindi


Amazon Kingfisher Tsalaj Wali   Shagandu (Pastaza)

Chestnut Woodpecker  Celeus elegans    Pucuna Tsuan

Blue and Black tanager   Tangara  vassorii    Suwicha

Silver throated tanager   Tangara icterocephala   Pitsitsangu  (book says west coast but eulodia insists)

Vermillion Tanager Colochaetes coccineus    Asumbiche


Scarlet Billed Mountain tanager  Anisognathus igniventris      Nina Sigcha


yellow rumped cacique   chawa mangu

Red-Rumped Cacique  Cacicus haemorrhous     Nina mangu

Chestnut headed oropendola                       tsalaj tsalaj

Olive oropendola   Psarocolius yuracares             Chullu Mangu


White Necked Puffbird    Notharcus machrobynchoBirds  


It also suggests a culture for whom the sounds of nature are charged with meaning beyond themselves.  A primary practical meaning is the telling of time, weather and seasons in the absence of watches weather reports and calendars.   At 6 Pm exactly the zhee zhee insect sings.   The porotu pucunzhu sings at 7:30.  The call of the shuwilon marks 10 at night.   Wactahuai hawk sings in the early morning when the day is going to be sunny.  The sound of  ichillu parakeets in the drizzle is the first sure sign that the rain is about to stop.   The indi mama (cicadas) sing when the sun is going to come out strong and in the heat of the sun the rupai angas cry.   The jilucu sings when it sees the new moon rising.

Common bird and frog sound names are sometimes humorous quichua phrases that sound like the bird call.  For example wactahuai  means “please hit me” and “porotu pucunzhu ?” means “are the beans ripe yet?” Every child knows that the sound of the Porotu pucunzhu is the sound of bedtime since little children are routinely told that they should be fast asleep before the  pucunzhu starts to sound or the pucunzhu will get them.  Since every night children are made to sleep quickly with threats of the pucunzhu this phrase is repeated over and over and made into jokes.  Since the the pucunzhu is harmless people laugh at the little kids fear of this bogey  bird.  Other sounds of the night are more genuinely sinister.   The “cua cua “of the cua   frog is believed to be the sound of biruti the murderous spirit arrows of brujos on their way to kill enemies.   The sound of another frog that frequently croaks in the evening is parodied as uku raka which means moist vagina.  Many erotic jokes are made as this frog croaks out its song over and over.

As time passes memories of humor or stories elaborated around the cues from such bird or frog calls accumulate so that a lifetime of shared memory becomes associated with the sound of the bird or frog and they  become unforgetable.  

Classification: All birds of prey as well as vultures are classified together as angas.  They are then subdivided according to the food they kill (challua anga, machin anga).  

Birds are considered to be related to other birds if they are symbiotically rather than genetically related.    For example chius (a form of jay is said to be related to the giant oropenolas

because they commonly fly together.  Both are said to be family to the toucans for the same reason.


Algodon pishcu- magpie tananger

carpintero

challua anga

chichicu pishcu

chiu– violaceous jay jay

churusco- violaceous trogan- small.  bright green back like curi shundu.  Yellow breast.  Call jiu jiu jiu jiu, jiu. 

cucupacchu- machin mango


ichillu- (cobalt winged parakeet) make nests in termite nests and in the nest of alucu ants.  Babies hatched in November.

Jilucu

licui– males have a yellowish head--


oroj  pishcu– blue crowned mot mot.  Nest by burrowing in the ground.  Feed almost entirely on flying insects.  Bright blue head and greenish grey body- size of a tubish

pichis- silver beaked tanager

nina pichis- crimson masked tanager.

palanda pishcu

Panzao

tamia pishcu- nightengale wren- slow descending scale- dusk and early morning.

Parrots

tubish- blue headed parrot



Tinamous

yutu - great tinamu.  Lays sky blue eggs larger than chicken eggs in the shelter of buttress roots a the base of a tree.   Usually calls at night but also in the day.

Huanhuaca

Curassows, Guans and Chachalacas

munditi- nocturnal curasao

pawa

wataraccu/pacharacu


Toucans

quilin- banded aracari

sicuanga , dumbiqui  White-throated toucan  Ramphastus tucanus

Andigena nigrirostris      Gau sicuanga   Black billed Mountain Toucan

Irio sicuanga- golden collared toucanette   Selenidera reinwardtii


Anga

machin anga–harpy eagle

micmi (also called rupay anga) roadside hawk

Acangao

Owls

Purutupucunzhu, Bullucucu - tropical screech owl.


Cucupa

s  



carpintero

challua anga

chichicu pishcu


 

cucupacchu- machin mango


ichillu- (cobalt winged parakeet) make nests in termite nests and in the nest of alucu ants.  Babies hatched in November.

Jilucu

licui– males have a yellowish head--

machin anga–harpy eagle

mango


munditi- nocturnal curasao

oroj  pishcu– blue crowned mot mot.  Nest by burrowing in the ground.  Feed almost entirely on flying insects.  Bright blue head and greenish grey body- size of a tubish

.

.

palanda pishcu


huanhuaca


sicuanga

Gauu sicuanga

tamia pishcu- nightingale wren- slow descending scale- dusk and early morning.


yutu - great tinamu.  Lays sky blue eggs larger than chicken eggs in the shelter of buttress roots at the base of a tree.   Usually calls at night but also in the day.


yanwalli anga

munditi anga

paushi anga

machin anga



“We asked the informants to make a list of birds they could name (hereaafter freelist), and them asked them which of those birds were kumpají (companions) to establish which birds they considered to be related.”  (Brent Brerlin,  pp. 94).   The Aguaruna seem to make a classificatory contrast similar to urcu/pamba.   Authors asked informants whether a bird was pakajíya (lowland) or  mujajíya (montane).


The groups of birds that biologists call mixed flock fruit eaters have a particularly high symbolic value for Amazonian people because they seem to embody an illusive solution to  a thorny problem.  How can people who are very different get along without fighting over food or resources?   The behavior of a mother hen is not surprising.  She clucks to call her own chicks to eat the food she finds and the fiercely drives away other birds so that her children can eat.  But the species that comprise mixed flock fruit eaters do something strange.  When they find food they call birds of many other species to share their food.

It would not be surprising to find that a female bird responds to the call of a male bird from her own species but these birds seem to respond to the calls of birds from other species.

The behavior of these flock seems almost counter intuitive.   Instead of finding birds of different species evenly spread out through the forest one finds them clumped together.

Although of many different species, they are attracted to each other and travel together in relative harmony.



consider to be the key human problem.  in west Amazonian culture.  For Amazonian people these birds are uncanny, because, although of many different species, they are attracted to each other and travel together in relative harmony.